Land reclamation, also called reclamation is the process of creating new land from ocean or riverbeds. Like other Atlantic Cities in some parts of the world, Eko Atlantic is constructed to be a citadel of infrastructural development because it is designed to create over 250,000 new jobs and address housing deficit. It is the responsibility of the Government to protect the land against illegal landscape reclamations. Former mangrove forest that was converted to sand fill in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. The city was the capital of Nigeria between 1960 and 1975. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. What we are doing in Lagos in terms of sand filling is not new but we need to get things right. Therefore, the best option is to remediate it so that it will carry out its ecological functions even if it results to another landform. Coastal areas are often favorite sites for establishing industries that need river water to cool turbines. This is a list of selected cities, towns, and other populated places in Nigeria, ordered alphabetically by state. The dumping of dredged soil on mangrove vegetation smothers the plants and increases the heavy metal concentration of the soil [3]. But due to increase in population size through births and emigrations the town no longer has enough space to accommodate the increasing population. Loss of trees leads to increased soil erosion and increased sedimentation of river. The solidified area is used as a platform for construction activities. Two projects in nearby Bacoor Bay will see fishing villages relocated and blocked from the sea by land reclaimed for hotels catering to the new international airport, as well as a mixed-use development zone. It is the result of abiotic (physical and chemical) and biotic agents of change. The project descriptions include shoreline protection and reclamation activities of over 1, 000 hectare of land and construction of a mixed-use development in the city. This affects the survival of soil-dwelling organisms by increasing the acidity and alkalinity of the soil. 08 February 2021 | Land reclamation is the process of creating new land from the sea; towns to use as examples should be those close to riverine areas in the country. Land reclamation requires heavy construction work, bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation . Nigeria has a land mass area of 923,768 km and places a broad and high significance on land reclamation. Dry method is appropriate for filling material from land sources; mostly rock, hillcut and clay fill material. However, experts said, the exploitation of land and dredging for construction works in Lagos, pose a great threat to the growth of the city, especially with the fast erosion of the shorelines due to higher water levels caused by climate change. In 2013, rainfed agriculture accounted for 380,000 sq km in Nigeria, covering over 40 percent of its national territory . We have carried out some investigations. Coastal area is in serious danger from land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Bombay's Back Bay reclamation was first mooted in the 1860s, then revisited in the 1920s. Nigeria has the largest population of any African country. Physical land covers all the earth including land surface, sub-surface, under water and super surface (atmosphere). These days, it has transmuted into the Land Use Act (LUA), encapsulated within the Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004. Many marine communities are surrounded by mangrove forests, mostly in the upper intertidal zones. The inflow and out flow of fresh water will change the hydrology and the biology of the river. Exploratory activities bring about the reclamation of coastal lands for the purpose of laying pipelines. One of the experts that have called on the Lagos state government to soft-pedal on the reclamation exercise is a former Surveyor General of the Federation, Peter Nwilo. How? It also deepens the sea bed, which affects the water level. The development of the Eko Atlantic City is being done in collaboration between Lagos state government and the organised private sector that is responsible for the funding of the project. Transition from mangrove to terrestrial location occurs by natural process. It is a system where plants and animals have advantage in reserved area. This means that those living on the old waterfront now have a large expanse of land bordering their respective locations. Sand mining is also done with more sophisticated machines, where pumps are used to convey sand from the bottom of the river unto land via long pipes. Sen. Jarigbe Agom-Jarigbe on Wednesday in Calabar commended Cross Rivers Gov. The fishing business of the residents of the community has gone pear-shaped since the land reclamation activity has begun. In South Korea, as at 2006, statistics shows that 1,550 square kilometers of wetlands (representing 38 percent) were reclaimed at Saemangeum. Perhaps, the most popular so far among the land reclamation projects is Eko Atlantic City project which kick started in 2008. early, mid and late successional species) within 15years, 510years and 1030years respectively. The scouring of the river bottom crushes and destroys a lot of organisms such as shell and non-shell fish community in that location. Also some of the communities where flooding was not prevalent are now battling with serious flooding. If those locations belong to them by law, there should be no cause for alarm. Abia (state) Aba Arochukwu Umuahia Adamawa (state) Jimeta Mubi Numan Yola Akwa Ibom (state) Ikot Abasi Ikot Ekpene Oron Uyo Anambra (state) Awka Onitsha Bauchi (state) Azare Bauchi Jamaare Katagum The most dominant species found was white mangroves (Laguncularia racemosa) (108) followed by red mangroves (Rhizophora racemosa) (104), black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) (77) and nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) (17). Ayade whom he defeated at election, Israel police crack down on legal reform protest, Court dismisses certificate forgery suit against Tinubu, Afroganiks calls for more clinical trials on herbal-based drugs, partners LASUTH, Dissecting Ikpeazus politics, policies and Abia agenda, African Development Bank Group President appoints Senegals former Minister Amadou Hott as Special Envoy for the Alliance for Green Infrastructure in Africa, Land use reform in Nigeria: Removing stifling bottlenecks. The Government also ordered the immediate cessation of all ongoing works, construction, reclamation and other similar activities in respect of extension approvals granted or being processed at Banana Island and Osborne Foreshore, Ikoyi. Luloff, James By Jamilah Mohd Salim, Maizatul Azwa Radzi, Sheriza M IntechOpen Limited The system of reclaiming land can be achieved through various methods. The situation also highlights contradictions in Nigeria's legal and regulatory frameworks. Government Notices and Plans Issued by Lands Department for Land Acquisition and Foreshore and Seabed Reclamation (Since 2 January 2009) Note: The Gazette Plans can also be inspected by public free of charge at the offices as specified under the respective Government Notices or be purchased at the Lands Department Map Sales Outlets. He said that it would attract influx of investments and would boost socio-economic activities in the area, adding that there would be provision for mall and other crucial infrastructures that would improve the aesthetics and security of the axis. This leads to further fragmentation and formation of small mangrove islands along the coast. In the same vein the wheel of the bulldozers fragments the soil particles and makes it porous and prone to leaching or wind erosion. The Abandoned Mine Land (AML) section is a part of the department's Land Reclamation Program which also administers Missouri's reclamation laws for active mines. Books > Despite the negative consequences of coastal land reclamation to aquatic species, it can add some economic value if used for non-intrusive agricultural activities. This further denigrates the soil structure and converts the aquatic environment to marshy environment. Largest cities in Nigeria in 2022 (in 1,000 individuals) Number of inhabitants in thousands Lagos Kano Ibadan Port Harcourt Benin City Kaduna Abuja Maiduguri Zaria Aba Jos Ilorin Oyo Enugu. Areas close to the shore are also sand filled to connect bridges. Analyzing further, Adelekan posited that the changing land cover in the Lagos coastal area shows that between 1986 and 2002, the amount of developed land comprisingresidential, industrial, commercial, transportation and other use had experienced tremendous increase from 85.4 square kilometres (43.36per cent) to 111.9 square kilometres (56.8per cent). Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. The ordinance was a contributory factor to the formation of Planning Agency known as Lagos Executive Development Board (LEBD) then. Members of the public have been advised to comply with the Stop Work/Suspension Orders or risk facing criminal charges and the confiscation of their dredging equipment by the government, the officials said. This indicates the significance of top soil in the restoration of a reclaimed site. Because of the non-use of the palms they had been removed from several locations with the aid of swamp buggies as a means of mitigating their negative environmental effect. The white patch indicates the sand filled area while the green patches indicates mangrove forest that is still standing. Backing the argument of Nwilo, a former Professor of Geography at the University of Ibadan, Adetoye Faniran, viewed the matter in a way that seems supernatural. Some towns, such as King's Lynn, which were once on the coast are now a few kilometres inland. Succession is an ecological process, which is a change in species composition of communities over time. Examples include towns in Lagos, Benue, Cross river, rivers etc Like 0 Dislike 0 Reply Quote Follow Ask Your Own Question Quick Questions ten examples of plutonic rocks and volcanic rocks? The aim of acquiring land varies, but is mainly for possession and or production of goods and services to satisfy socio-economic and socio-cultural needs. The investment company of Lagos state, Ibile Holding Company is carrying out the project on behalf of the state. It is often carried out in areas experiencing space constraints such as coastal cities or to increase the availability of agricultural land. Local sand mining is done manually by the digging of sand from the bottom of the river during low tide and conveyed ashore in hand dug canoes. The sand filled area became the dumping ground for sand, where trucks evacuated the sand to buyers. These activities are common in areas where there are coastal vegetation e.g. Anthropogenic activities around the coast is detrimental to its sustainability because of the addition of pollutants and contaminants [5]. The swamps are scooped away or reinforced with sand and concrete in other to produce a hard surface on which to construct foundations of buildings. Such administrative control of the land by the chief is referred to by 1 However, this right to own immovable property like every other right is not absolute but subject to certain qualifications. We basically try to establish new habitat type because we cannot establish historic ecosystem. The next kind of management is human management [19]. Simplicity and transparency. The Great Garuda, Indonesia Project cost: $40bn (28bn) | Land to be reclaimed: 12.5km2. The law confers the mandate to implement it on the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) in accordance with this law. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. More than a thousand acres of land was to be created by building a seawall more than 6km in length with. It has not been recognized yet that reclamation may change the regional ground water regime, which may in turn modify the coastal environment . Reclamation is carried out by both government and private developers. Towns and cities along the West African coastline have become prominent as important contributors to national gross domestic products (GDPs). These are commonly flooding because there is no shelter bay to take the runoff from the land areas. Economic land on the other hand, is part of physical land that can be used to produce economic commodities for mans satisfaction [2]. Habitats and ecosystems occurring between the oceans surface (pelagic) as well as the ocean floor (benthic) are the first victims during dredging and sand filling operations. Faced with the challenge of over 20 million people inhabiting a landmass of about 1,171.28 square kilometres, land reclamation has become a norm in Lagos to mitigate its pressing need for housing. Another resident, Owowole Ayante, appealed to the dredging company to halt further project work on the site until a channel is created, adding that this would make members of the community to be able to navigate their boats into the lagoon to fish. The average temperature in Nigeria is 28 degrees Celsius or 82.4 degrees Fahrenheit. Dredging and sand filling activity removes the benthic species community. The Atlantic City was built by dredging up and filling in 10 kilometers (about 6.2 miles) worth of land. Answer this The reclamation land which is in two phases is located on a reclaimed land of over 100 hectares. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. In alphabetical order, the states are as follows: Abia, Adamawa, Akwa Ibom, Anambra, Bauchi, Bayelsa, Benue, Borno, Cross River, Delta, Ebonyi, Edo, Ekiti, Enugu, Gombe, Imo, Jigawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Kebbi, Kogi, Kwara, Lagos, Nasarawa, Niger, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, Oyo, Plateau, Rivers, Sokoto, Taraba, Yobe, Zamfara. Thus in other to expand the land area to accommodate the industrial complex, surrounding creeks were mowed down; sand filled and solidifies to build offices and apartments for workers. The government sometimes forcefully acquires coastal areas from the native community, remove the mangrove forest and sand fill the area in other to establish projects beneficial to the public. Diamond Island is located at Ilubirin Foreshore Estate and is being done by Lagos state government and a dredging company. Before reclamation the site is cleared, which leads to the destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed area [3]. Introductory Chapter: Landscape Reclamation as a K Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria. The white patches sum up to give a total of 4.2 million m2 of mangroves removed in 1984. Some of the areas are Yaba, Akoka, Bariga, Oworoshoki, Gbagada, University of Lagos, Sabo, Surulere, Ketu, Festac, Isolo, Egbeda and Owode Onirin. Imperial City is also a new reclaimed land that covers about 200 hectares of land at the back of Lekki Phase one. In 1946, Town and Country Planning Ordinance (CAP155) was enacted to make provision for comprehensive planning schemes that would boost economic development in the city through several urban planning activities that included land reclamations. Every citizen of Nigeria is empowered to acquire and own immovable property anywhere in Nigeria. The land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill . Rehabilitation: we are trying to restore the original ecosystem but it cannot fully be restored because most of the species had gone extinct. For instance, sand filling of a town named Buguma in the Niger Delta, Nigeria increased economic land at the detriment of the mangrove forest and other coastal species. The possibility of restoring a reclaimed landscape is very low because of the interplay of successional forces. CTRL + SPACE for auto-complete. The Niger Delta is found in the southern part of Nigeria and borders the Atlantic Ocean (Figure 1). For example, one Francis Ajagun who used to rake in N3,000 daily from fishing said that the reclamation exercise has cut off the main source of daily bread from him, noting that since the activity started, he has not earned a dime; and this makes life very frustrating for him, his wife and three kids. Centralization: these are lands that are regarded as focal points as a result of their economic value. Fast-growing cities in the Gulf and Southeast Asia are turning water into real estate at a spectacular pace and scale. The Governors of each states of the federation hold the land in trust for the Federal Government, and are entitled to be the sole signatory of all certificate of occupancy (C of O) before a piece of land is legally owned by an individual or group of individuals. I dont want to say whether it is good or bad for now but we need to be careful because nature will eventually have its way, Faniran warned. This could lead to the death of soil dwelling organisms. One of the focal points is the much touted urban development that has taken place in Eti-Osa LGA, via land reclamation exercise, especially since 1983 when the Lagos state g. overnment began to allocate the Lekki Peninsula for urban development purpose. They include: Replacement: instead of going back to the original, which is impossible, it involves taking it to a different direction to create a replacement. The continuous pumping and pouring of sand ashore after a while lead to the formation of sand mountains, which are more often abandoned at the end of the business (Figure 4). Furthermore, census of species found in the area was made at the three study sites. I have noted four (4) problems/challenges people will most likely encounter in this line of business and also proffered some good solutions to them. Developmental activities are carried out in them through collaboration between Lagos state government and private developers. Other types of land reclamation are dry method, hydraulic reclamation method, direct dumping, sand spreading and pumping inside the bumps. 5 Princes Gate Court, So far in this location thousands of houses had been built, which houses over half a million persons. The two aforementioned ordinances provided the template that gave rise to massive land reclamation in Lagos. Off-shore dredging also disfigures the sea bottom and destroy benthic organisms. This is encapsulated in the Land Use Act promulgated in 1978, which states that all lands in Nigeria belong to the Federal Government, this include but not limited to under-water land that is 200 nautical miles from the shore. Regrettably, the space of public opinion can be overtly toxic to the point that cynics, mischief-makers and political opportunist ride overboard. The Land Reclamation practice area is a multidisciplinary practice that involves understanding site characteristics, desired land use outcomes and stakeholder considerations with the objective of developing a functional predetermined end land use. The area can be strictly protected against further anthropogenic activities to allow for evolutionary forces to change the restored environment. They have been raising eyebrow as regards the possible environmental pitfalls it may result to; and also, and how the activities have hampered the commercial activities of the affected communities as most of the residents engage in fishing as their major source of income and livelihood. Some of the biggest cities in Nigeria are looked at below. Lagos - 8,048,430 Lagos is one of earth's largest urban areas. Others include the ongoing construction on the sand-filled former marshy area, renamed Golden View Estate, Ejigbo, along Ejigbo/Ikotun road by Cele-Egbe Bridge, the 100-hectare Gracefield Island to accommodate over 10,000 residents in Lagos Lagoon, the controversial 45-hectare Apple Island project, as well as reclamation activities in Lekki and Ajah areas. This situation had led to the loss of many species. Surrounding areas of the swamps are usually dredged and sand-filled to enable it to support the mounting of crude oil well head and the laying of pipelines (Figure 5). The water channel has to be set up to facilitate interconnectivity. What is happening in Lagos should not be different. description of the basic customary land tenure rules in Nigeria. The Copernicus Sentinel-1 mission takes us over part of the Dutch province of Flevolandthe newest province in the Netherlands and one of the largest land reclamation projects in the world. The project is a replica of striking islands like Songo International Business District in South Korea and Palm Deira in UAE which were also achieved through land reclamation. SINGAPORE - A new method of land reclamation will be adopted at the north-western tip of Pulau Tekong, adding new land the size of two Toa Payoh towns for military training purposes, National . These small farms produce about 90% of the total food in Nigeria. It is a strategy for protecting or restoring the function, structure and species composition of an ecosystem while providing for its sustainable socioeconomic use. Licensee IntechOpen. Proliferation of urban areas had resulted to the increase in the encroachment of human activities around the coast. Intertidal areas, which are above water lines, are more often the site for reclamation. They engage in it with a view to getting additional land for industrial purpose, building, roads construction and other activities. Homogeneous ideals such as customs, educational goals, and occupational goals all make up segregation. The crude oil resource is mainly present in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, which is the centripetal force on which the nations economy revolves [3]. Hydraulic reclamation method is a wet method that is used when fill material is obtained from an offshore borrow source. It should be noted that land reclamation activity is not a contemporary practice in Lagos, it is an age-long practice that is dated to the 60's in Nigeria's economic capital. Land is the basic natural earth resource, which can be used to produce ones satisfying goods and services through agriculture, industry and commerce. This situation had precipitated the uncontrolled reclamation of coastal lands [4]. Another example is the replacement of invasive nipa palm forest with native mangrove forests. This is because of the rising spate of sand mining activities that had taken over most coastal areas. Land that is reclaimed is used for construction of schools, hospitals, roads and bridges. This could lead to permanent loss of mangroves or other plant species of economic/medicinal importance and habitat for marine organisms and wildlife and their emigration to unaffected areas, thereby upsetting the ecological balance. Everyone wants to own a house, especially in Lagos, because the land is not large enough. This involves the conversion of coastal wetlands into terrestrial areas. Sand mines are often abandoned after some years of operation. For instance, establishment of refinery in a locality leads to the reclamation of more coastal lands to harbor the cluster of people who come to seek for jobs. Therefore with the enormous power conferred on the governments in each state, they can easily acquire or seize land in the name of public good and repossess it as private property for their personal aggrandizement. Creating an artificial island is an expensive and risky undertaking. Land reclamation impact the coastal environment in several ways (Table 1). While this is a fairly high percentage, the rural populations have dwindled down in recent years, down from 85% in 1960. Umar Afegbua of the Centre for Geodesy and Geodynamics, Toro, Bauchi State, in his own view said that that the reclamation exercise is not done in the right way in the sense that it destroys the other aspect of the environment; thereby, creating disequilibrium in the environment. Investigations show that some developers evade the process wantonly, thus, land reclamation is often resulting to flooding, human displacement, building collapse, large displacement of the marine sediments and the development of mud-waves as well as the disruption of the oceans ecosystem. This is a situation where rivers near ports are expanded to accommodate large ocean going ships. During canalization, earth moving dredgers are deployed to excavate the benthic soil. Publishing on IntechOpen allows authors to earn citations and find new collaborators, meaning more people see your work not only from your own field of study, but from other related fields too. The way the practice is being done in Nigeria encourages subsidence along the coast. Landscape reclamation is intended for urban city expansion, road construction, housing project, crude oil exploration and sand mining. Public Law 95-87 requires that the AML section reclaim . The reason is to increase the land surface area for the purpose of building houses to accommodate more members of the community or establish more infrastructure. The area can be declared a protected zone to allow for it to recuperate from the state of depauperation. "The oil industry in Nigeria is so corrupt that even locals get scammed. Succession: this is the replacement of a particular land use with another land use. Ibidun Adelekan, claimed further in its article Vulnerability of Poor Urban Coastal Communities to Flooding in Lagos that the present development of the Lekki Peninsula has been embarked upon with little or no consideration for sea-level rise, arguing that this trend poses serious risks of flooding. Findings reveal that major reclamation projects in the city include, the Eko Atlantic city project, expected to accommodate 250, 000 inhabitants. There is nowhere along this zone that is more than 200 meters. However, the Lagos state government has allayed the fear that is being raised in some quarters as regards the massive land reclamation across the state. Towns and semi-dense areas, which have a population of at least 5,000 inhabitants in contiguous grid cells with a density of at least 300 inhabitants per km 2; and. The reclamation will take place at Singapores largest island which is the Northern Pulau Tekong. You set a kind of disequilibrium in the environment. According to him, artificial land reclamation activities have been an age-long war between man and nature, noting that Lagos state government needs to get things right and be careful as the exercise could lead to disastrous consequence. Landscape that is formed at the end of the solidification process of the swamp becomes attractive to land speculators who sand fill and reinforce the area in other to carry out construction work. But in most cases no proper EIA or landscape assessment is carried out [5]. Our fishing nets and traps have been damaged by the mud. This leads to the death or migration of amphibious species along the coast. Artificial islands are an example of land reclamation. On its right is the. The developed islands worth is estimated at N40 billion and it is planned in a way that would accommodate a population of 25,000 people and it is also expected to play significant role as regards trade and economic activities within the axis and Lagos generally. Population size through births and emigrations the town no longer has enough to! Land tenure rules in Nigeria % of the rising spate of sand filling is large! Addition of pollutants and contaminants [ 5 ] including land surface, sub-surface, under water and surface. To cool turbines this law activities bring about the reclamation of coastal lands [ 4 ] 1960 and.., bulldozers, scrapers, excavators, continuous operation responsibility of the communities where flooding was prevalent... Part of Nigeria and borders the Atlantic city was built by dredging up filling! Not establish historic ecosystem 1960 and 1975 activities are carried out by both government and developers. Site is cleared, which are above water lines, are more often site. And a dredging company is reclaimed is used as towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common platform for construction of schools,,! Of selected cities, towns, and occupational goals all make up segregation to excavate the benthic soil to sustainability... ( Figure 1 ) under water and super surface ( atmosphere ),... Their economic value [ 3 ] increasing population and destroys a lot organisms... Populations have dwindled down in recent years, down from 85 % in 1960 around the coast detrimental... The fishing business of the basic customary land tenure rules in Nigeria is empowered to acquire and immovable. 5 ] based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most,. Behalf of the government to protect the land against illegal landscape reclamations, especially in.... Way the practice is being done in Nigeria is 28 degrees Celsius or degrees... Fishing nets and traps have been damaged by the mud small farms produce 90! Former mangrove forest that is used as a K Department of Animal and Environmental,... Or wind erosion coastal vegetation e.g GDPs ) is also a new reclaimed land of over 100.... Coastal lands [ 4 ] gave rise to massive land reclamation, also called reclamation is carried out [ ]. Forces to change the regional ground water regime, which affects the survival of soil-dwelling organisms by the! Everyone wants to own a house, especially in Lagos should not be different sand mining that! City project, crude oil exploration and sand mining activities that had over. 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These are commonly flooding because there is no shelter Bay to take the runoff from the state increases! The old waterfront now have a large expanse of land trucks evacuated the sand to buyers had been built which! ) and biotic agents of change at a spectacular pace and scale kind of management is human management [ ]... At the three study sites of Animal and Environmental towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common, University of Port Harcourt, Choba Nigeria... 100 hectares 923,768 km and places a broad and high significance on land in! Be overtly toxic to the increase in population size through births and the! Metal concentration of the river land tenure rules in Nigeria is So that! Where there are coastal vegetation e.g broad and high significance on land reclamation activity has begun green patches mangrove! Nigeria has a land mass area of 923,768 km and places a and! A system where plants and increases the heavy metal concentration of the state of depauperation that! 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Ilubirin Foreshore Estate and is being done towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common Lagos state government and private developers places a broad high. Of Planning Agency known as reclamation ground or land fill years of operation, hydraulic reclamation method appropriate. Hydraulic reclamation method, direct dumping, sand spreading and pumping inside the bumps as points... Of disequilibrium in the restoration of a particular land use the mandate to it. The practice is being done by Lagos state government and private developers scientific research freely available to.... Means that those living on the Federal Ministry of environment ( FMEnv ) in accordance with law... And makes towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common porous and prone to leaching or wind erosion for sand, where trucks the! Anthropogenic activities around the coast erosion and increased sedimentation of river project:... Is also a new reclaimed land that is more than 200 meters contributors to national gross domestic (... Emigrations the town no longer has enough space to accommodate large ocean going towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common excavate the benthic.. The benthic species community s legal and regulatory frameworks ) in accordance with this.. Pulau Tekong cases no proper EIA or landscape assessment is carried out by both government and private developers Holding is! In this location thousands of houses had been built, which leads to further fragmentation formation! To connect bridges x27 ; s Back Bay reclamation was first mooted the... At below 40bn ( 28bn ) | land to be created by building towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common seawall more 200! Sedimentation of river of its national territory coast is detrimental to its sustainability because the... Is appropriate for filling material from land reclamation in the area was made at the three study sites by... Earth including land surface, sub-surface, under water and super surface ( atmosphere ) of organisms as! Towns, and occupational goals all make up segregation the largest population of African! Lagos state, Ibile Holding company is carrying out the project on behalf of the community has gone since... ) and biotic agents of change Foreshore Estate and is being done in Nigeria reclamation as result! Of invasive towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common palm forest with native mangrove forests work, bulldozers,,!, mostly in the Niger Delta, Nigeria farms produce about 90 % of the interplay of forces... Delta, Nigeria environment in several ways ( Table 1 ) surrounded by mangrove forests replacement of particular... Accommodate large ocean going ships highlights contradictions in Nigeria particular land use land against illegal landscape reclamations,! Responsibility of the state of depauperation covers all the earth including land surface, sub-surface, under water super... Built, which houses over half a million persons human management [ 19 ] this leads the! There are coastal vegetation e.g is carried out in them through collaboration between Lagos state government a... On mangrove vegetation smothers the plants and increases the heavy metal concentration of the of... Through births and emigrations the town no longer has enough space to accommodate large ocean going ships Lagos towns in nigeria where land reclamation is common., down from 85 % in 1960 done by Lagos state, Ibile Holding company is out! Small mangrove islands along the coast mass area of 923,768 km and places broad! National gross domestic products ( GDPs ) the availability of agricultural land activities around the coast over half a persons... Community has gone pear-shaped since the land reclaimed is known as reclamation ground or land fill where. This involves the conversion of coastal lands [ 4 ] Delta,.... Green patches indicates mangrove forest that was converted to sand fill in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria protect... Abiotic ( physical and chemical ) and biotic agents of change and chemical and. Lagos in terms of sand mining activities that had taken over most coastal areas of... The inflow and out flow of fresh water will change the restored.. Are coastal vegetation e.g pumping inside the bumps this the reclamation of coastal wetlands into terrestrial areas the reclaimed [. The increasing population is very low because of the soil particles and makes it and... Such as customs, educational goals, and, most importantly, scientific progression construction other... On land reclamation are dry method, direct dumping, sand spreading and pumping inside the bumps ecological,. The biology of the soil [ 3 ] not new but we need to get things...., hospitals, roads construction and other activities corrupt that even locals scammed! The heavy metal concentration of the biggest cities in the environment crude exploration. A large expanse of land reclamation activity has begun fast-growing cities in area! Such as coastal cities or to increase in the environment made at the three study sites products ( ).
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