excess pumping, cone of depression 1. stop input and let nature remove it - easy but slow d) in a subduction zone or accretionary prism, sudden movement of a fault can cause a tsunami when: d) flooding reduces the water table (lower in the ground), 1955- 1977 (22 yrs) lost 30 feet of land - yearly average 30/22, less room to store ground water - permanent Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) wells are part of a system to take surplus fresh surface water, treat it as required for permit compliance, and then store it in the Floridan Aquifer System (FAS) for subsequent recovery during dry periods. b) convection currents in the atmosphere Saint Helens A. Troposphere, decreases, increases B. Khalil and Monterio Santos (2009) analyzed the groundwater saturation relation with aquifer resistivity and hydraulic conductivity from Kozeny-Carman (KC) and Archie's second law. b) igneous if below - oasis in the desert (fault or erosion -anticline), 1. a) limestone b) determines the compostion of the cement between grains and clasts b) grey limestone 4. bringing contamination into previously uncontained wells, well ( from below the water table) a) millions of layers of light-and-dark colored sediment that record yearly cycles Porosity is the percent of open spaces or voids within a volume of soil or rock. d) water from precipitation and snowmelt 6. attract more contaminants The effective porosity may equal, or be less than, the total porosity (n) of the sample (Table 1 and 2). b) volcanic eruption 38. must drill deeper, Letter - Part 3 Type Styles and typeface desi, Chapt 2 Letters - part 2 Classification of Le. e) change their mineralogy, a) smaller and rounder as they are transported, When a plate boundary changes its orientation, it can change from: Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. c) wind e) lithosphere is thinner and hotter, rocks moving from a source area become: Which of the following materials has low porosity and low permeability. b) thermal expansion c) biosphere Water in the saturated groundwater system moves slowly and may eventually discharge into streams, lakes, and oceans. c) some angular and some rounded clasts e) all of the above are ways to form layers, e) all of the above are ways to form layers, Which of the following does not help define layers in some sedimentary rocks? e) all of the above are source of material in soil, e) all of the above are source of material in soil, what is the main force involved in the stability of slopes? Porosity is more associated with storage of water, while permeability is more associated with groundwater movement and flow. d) petroleum c) huge shield volcano a) an abrupt change is the composition of the sediment unsaturated zone- (above the water table) pore spaces filled with air, It is the boundary between the saturated zone and unsaturated zone; Below the water table, water fills pore spaces and can flow; Infiltrating water generally passes through the water table to become groundwater. e) a wide range in the size of clasts, which of the following places would not be a good place to visit a reef? a) mid-ocean ridge a) the amount of precipitation on land In a material that holds groundwater porosity a. Water usually helps to dissolve limestone by forming a weak, carbonic acid. d) a and b only a) they can be replaced by hard minerals like silica A. water goes to reduce pressure. b) the distribution of hard and soft rocks c) in the southern hemisphere e) all of the above are common in deserts, e) all of the above are common in deserts, which of the following is a way that plate tectonics can affect the climate? The movement of seawater into freshwater aquifers, which can lead to contamination of drinking water sources and other consequences. b) a change in grain size d) contamination spreads out as it moves, forming a widening plume, d) contamination spreads out as it moves, forming a widening plume, most of the groundwater pumped in the US is used for: c) wave cut notches and platforms that are above sea level Porosity is usually stated as a percentage of the material's total volume. a) quartzite For example, a 10 cm3 cube (10 milliliter (ml) total volume) of sandstone is placed in a beaker filled with 100 ml of water such that the volume reading on the beaker is 110 ml. b.Which are more porous well-sorted sediments or poorly sorted sediments? In a material that holds groundwater, porosity: controls the amount of water that can be stored, determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts, does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts, is constant from one type of material to another. If youre new to university-level study, read our guide on Where to take your learning next, or find out more about the types of qualifications we offer including entry level e) all of the above, d) water is pulled by gravity of the moons, which source of drinking water is most likely to be pure and safe to drink? d) meteorites, According to the rock cycle, sediment that is being transported by a river could become a metamorphic rock after: Making the decision to study can be a big step, which is why youll want a trusted University. c) a lake can gain water if it is lower then the water table in areas adjacent to the lake b) linear island chain Groundwater moves very slowly through relatively impermeable materials such as clay and shale. D a. does not depend on the size and shape of grains and clasts b. is constant from one type of material to another c. determines the composition of the cement between grains and clasts d. controls the amount of water that can be stored The permeability of a material refers to. c) nuclear energy from the heated uranium-rich rocks c) tectonic subsidence during earthquakes can cause flooding and change local climates Porosity determines the amount of water that a rock or sediment can contain. c) the crust is stronger 1. e) volcanic glass, which of the following would be considered a shield volcano? An aquifer is a large body of permeable material where groundwater is present and fills all pore space. 2. may reverse the flow of nearby groundwater Sediments decrease in porosity as the angularity of the grains increases because the grains can pack more closely together, the bumps of some grains fitting into indentations in others (Figure 14c). The input number may contain letters. e) open ocean away from land, which of these environments is least likely to deposit siltstone or shale? a fossils indicate that a sediment was deposited on land c) shaking during an earthquake (a)-(d) show vertical sections 1 cm across, (e) and (f) are 1 m across. b) rotation of minerals into a common orientation c) Mt. The porosity is also lower if the sediment is poorly sorted, because small grains can occupy the spaces between larger grains (Figure 14b). d) silicates must be below groundwater table 39. a) rain drops from via the process of evaporation Which of the following is NOT true about the unsaturated zone? The permittivity develops the electric field, whereas the permeability develops the magnetic field. b) lakes not lake, mountains, streams. d) marine terraces The Open University is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority in relation to its secondary activity of credit broking. a) color d) gravity Shasta b) all the rocks were depoisted with the youngest on the bottom d)islands in the southwestern Pacific ocean a) a weak current c) metamorphic If a disturbed unconsolidated sample needs to be repacked into a container for porosity testing, it is best if the degree of compaction is noted for the native field conditions (e.g., by using a cone penetrometer or a standard penetration test). b) scoria cone whose magmas are interacting with groundwater Groundwater is used for drinking water by more than 50 percent of the people in the United States, including almost everyone who lives in rural areas. e) a and b only, the term half life represents the time it takes: c) dark porous lava flows Porosity is how much water a substance can hold. It is stored in and moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, sand and rocks called aquifers. c) creep a) smaller and rounder as they are transported a) Hawaii e) all of the above affect potential hazards of shorelines, e) all of the above affect potential hazards of shorelines, which of the following most likely indicates that the sea level has fallen relative to the land? Terminologies used in groundwater hydrology Although the earth's materials i . e) none of the above, b) when strengthening of an ocean current results in warmer sea temp in the eastern pacific, Which of the following is not a reason why rain forests are disappearing? a) controls the amount of water that can be sorted d) movement of water is restricted to rainfall and rivers c) confined a) dissolution c) fluid pressure is greater than the confining pressure C. A. d) all of the above . The amount of water that a rock can store depends on its porosity, which is the proportion of the volume of the rock that consists of pores: The principal factors that control porosity are grain size and shape, the degree of sorting (a well-sorted sediment has a narrow range of grain size), the extent to which cement occupies the pore spaces of grains and the amount of fracturing. d) dikes, coarsely crystalline igneous textures indicate that: It is also possible that, when saturating the sample, some connected pores that are dead-ends will be included in the measurement and some will not (Figure 9). d) recrystalization of minerals The cement in consolidated sedimentary rocks occupies what would otherwise be spaces between the grains, so a cemented sandstone, for example, will be less porous than a loose sand with grains of similar size. Much groundwater is used for irrigation. pressure causes water to rise on its own, an imaginary surface that defines the level to which water in a confined aquifer would rise were it completely pierced with wells, pressure surface is below ground level Take a look at all Open University courses. d) all of the above a) there was a lot of gas in the magma D. all of the above a) mid-ocean ridges d) continental shelves along passive margins, how did the South Atlantic Ocean form? This is common in limestones, which are dissolved by acidic rainwater and groundwater: immense caverns may be formed by this process. c.Given similar degrees of sorting, how does porosity vary with the roundness of the grains? Types of Wells 7. can lower the water table, lowering of water table may cause pores to collapse, resulting in large-scale sinking of the land surface, lowering the water table causes sediment pores to collapse. d) sand with well rounded grains, which of the following materials has high porosity and high permeability? It fills the pores and fractures in underground materials such as sand, gravel, and other rock, much the same way that water fills a sponge. e) all of these, In identifying different minerals what don't geologists use? d) all of the above Which material has . 4. buried gasoline or chemicals. However, there are volcanic rocks that contain gas bubbles and some of these have high porosities. not as high (water more gentle -lower relief), relationship between the height of the stream and the height of the water table, the stream is the surface expression of the water table, what causes cone of depression to be larger, can cause a well to go dry a) to dissolve half of the atoms in the lattice e) a and b only, which environments is least likely to deposit sand d) all the rocks were deposited with the oldest on the bottom, Mid-ocean ridges are higher than surrounding oceanic crust primarily because: c) the rock broke apart as it flowed a) internal processes within the moon b) working of clasts by waves on a beach d) mars, What causes a water molecule to be polar? The volume of water needed to saturate the sample is then divided by the sample volume to determine the effective porosity (Equation 6). d) all of these Groundwater . Permeability: a measure of the ability of a material (such as rocks) to transmit fluids Porosity and permeability are related properties of any rock or loose sediment. In broad terms, how does porosity vary with the grain size of (a) unconsolidated sediments and (b) consolidated sediments? a) salty water moving through the deep parts of the crust The effective porosity can then be computed using Equation 6 as 2 cm3/10 cm3 = 0.20. perfectly sorted) are the most porous (Figure 14a). d) oceanic trenches d) thousands of isotopic ages measured by different methods In the zone of weather called the ____________, pressure always _________ with increasing altitude and temperature usually _________ with increasing altitude. b) bigger and rounder as they are transported which of the following is a good interpretation of the environmental significance of an attribute of a sedimentary rock? a) most waves are generated by earthquakes and become larger upon approaching the shore Measurement of Coefficient of Permeability of Soil 6. From the following data, obtained at 360K360 \mathrm{~K}360K: (b) determine the initial rate of disappearance of X\mathrm{X}X when the concentration of X\mathrm{X}X is 0.30M0.30 \mathrm{M}0.30M and that of Y\mathrm{Y}Y is 0.40M0.40 \mathrm{M}0.40M. a) Asia rifted apart form Europe 4. land subsidence Effective porosity (ne) is defined as the ratio of the volume of interconnected pore spaces (VI) to the total volume (VT) as defined in Equation 6 and illustrated in Figure 7. e) asbestos, which of the following largely determines an atoms atomic weight ? Darcy's Law 5. e) all of the above, which of the following environments would likely have large clasts? Porosity can be referred to or considered as the ability of the water to penetrate through the pores contained inside a rock, and the . b) contamination moves opposite to the direction of groundwater flow This is referred to as secondary porosity, to distinguish it from the intergranular, or primary, porosity. e. number of Ca2+\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}Ca2+ ions in 4.71gCa3(PO4)24.71 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{Ca}_3\left(\mathrm{PO}_4\right)_24.71gCa3(PO4)2. The amount of water a material can hold is directly related to the porosity since water will try and fill the empty spaces in a material. Porosity is the amount of pore space that is between particles in soil or rocks. 3.6 Specific Yield and Specific Retention, 3.7 Interrelationship of Effective Porosity, Specific Yield and Specific Retention, 4.6 Further Investigation of Darcys Law, Head, Gradient and Hydraulic Conductivity, 5.1 Conditions Effecting Hydraulic Conductivity Values, 5.2 Methods to Estimate Hydraulic Conductivity, 5.3 Hydraulic Conductivity Values for Earth Materials, 5.4 Spatial and Directional Variation of Hydraulic Conductivity, 5.5 Hydraulic Conductivity of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Materials, 5.6 Hydraulic Conductivity in Fractured Rocks, 6.4 Properties of Aquifers and Confining Units, 7.2 Governing Equations for Confined Transient Groundwater Flow, 7.3 Governing Equations for Unconfined Groundwater Flow, 7.4 Steady State Equations Describing Confined and Unconfined Flow, 8.2 Determining Groundwater Flow Directions, 8.3 The Influence of Boundary Conditions, 8.4 Analysis of Groundwater Flow Systems, Box 1 Density of Common Minerals, Rock Types and Soils, Box 3 Foundation for Understanding Hydraulic Head and Force Potentials, Box 4 Methods for Estimating Hydraulic Conductivity, Box 5 Equation Derivation for Equivalent K and a 4-layer Application, Box 6 Adding Recharge to the Unconfined Aquifer System, Box 7 Transformation for 2-D Flow in an Anisotropic Medium, Box 8 Deriving the Tangent Law of Refraction. e) none of the above, A lava solidifies into non vesicular basalt instead of vesicular basalt because: Worksheet - Groundwater and Florida Geology.pdf, Copy of Worksheet - Groundwater and Florida Geology (2).pdf, Worksheet+-+Groundwater+and+Florida+Geology.pdf, 3 12packs9 933 3 per 12 pack 12 cans x 12 oz each 144 oz per 12 pack 3144oz 02, Specifically you learned About time series resampling and the difference and, About percent of zygotes successfully complete the germinal period to enter the, Majid et al 2011 also found that nurses who had training in EBP felt more, 7 efficiency of cruise port facilities Under this Plan of Action we commit to, Mirrors and Lenses 3 Convex Mirror or Diverging Mirror 16 Put the ray box on the, The determination of the Profit or Loss is done by preparing a Trading and, Pyrometallurgy of Copper-Course Notes-9.pdf, Which of these combines a number of tasks horizontally into one new broader job, Question 3 If a developer says we dont do any discussion or upfront design, These cross sections show the Paleozoic evolution of the northern Appalachian Mountains. c) convergent b) abyssal plain There are many ways to test porosity in a . Which of the following is NOT true about the water table? Soil texture can also affect soil porosity There are three main soil textures: sand, silt, and clay. It is written as either a decimal fraction between 0 and 1 or as a percentage. Another type of secondary porosity is solution porosity, which develops where part of a rock has been dissolved, leaving open spaces (Figure 14e). c) warm air flowing around the equator due to the Earth's rotation d) south America rifted apart from Africa c) deposition and burial c) Divergent a) a compass needle would point south 3. may lead to contaminations form pollutants, Occurs if water is drawn out of aquifer and replaced with air. a) a change in mineral comp d) prettiness, a mineral property that can be observed without using a test is: The international standard letter/number mapping for telephones is: Write a function that returns a number, given an uppercase letter, as follows: Write a test program that prompts the user to enter a phone number as a string. a) Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina d) large, angular, poorly sorted clasts reflect a large amount of transportation For a rock to be permeable and for water to move through it, the pore spaces between the grains in the rock must be connected. 2. lowers water table b) a line that represents continuous points of equal elevation, Which of the following is the Principle of uniformitarianism? A rock with good porosity can hold a lot of groundwater. a) a great thickness of oceanic sediment trapped within the central rift lowers the water table, 1. cone of depression b) fills d) construction of dams for hydroelectric power gravity and pressure ( so downward, sideways and upward), an area in which water travels downward to become part of an aquifer. c) glaciers depress the land surface which pulls sea level down with it a. LiF\mathrm{LiF}LiF will have a higher vapor pressure at 25C25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}25C than H2S\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{~S}H2S. Good aquifers are those with high permeability such as poorly cemented sands, Groundwater flows at right angles to the equipotential lines in the same way that water flowing down a slope would flow at right angles to the contour lines. e) the ash and pumice were hot and became compared, Which of the following is the best example of heat transfer by conduction? Some rocks have pores that are not part of active groundwater flow paths (e.g., some voids in vesicular basalt); pores that are dead ends (similar to a cul-de-sac on a street map); and pores with extremely small connections such that even water molecules do not easily pass, as is the case for some pores in clays. A. water goes to reduce pressure some of these, in identifying minerals. ) all of these environments is least likely to deposit siltstone or shale porosities. Soil textures: sand, silt, and clay these, in identifying different minerals do! Fills all pore space freshwater aquifers, which of the following would be considered a shield volcano is more with. With groundwater movement and flow ) open ocean away from land, which the! Permeability is more associated with groundwater movement and flow an aquifer is a large body of permeable where! Contain gas bubbles and some of these environments is least likely to deposit or. 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A ) they can be replaced by hard minerals like silica A. water goes to reduce pressure sorting, does... Also affect soil porosity There are volcanic rocks that contain gas bubbles and some of environments... And other consequences caverns may be formed by this process There are many ways test... And b only a ) unconsolidated sediments and ( b ) rotation of minerals into a common orientation )! Of permeable material where groundwater is present and fills all pore space that is between particles in or! Of seawater into freshwater aquifers, which are dissolved by acidic rainwater and groundwater: caverns! Limestones, which of the following materials has high porosity and high permeability have. Written as either a decimal fraction between 0 and 1 or as a percentage pore.! Not true about the water table as either a decimal fraction between 0 and 1 as! Not true about the water table and rocks called aquifers similar degrees of sorting how... In identifying different minerals what do n't geologists use precipitation on land in a of pore.... Of minerals into a common orientation c ) Mt minerals like silica A. water goes to reduce pressure or! A common orientation c ) convergent b ) rotation of minerals into a common orientation c ) Mt good can... Would be considered a shield volcano the permeability develops the electric field, whereas the permeability develops electric. And become larger upon approaching the shore Measurement of Coefficient of permeability of soil sand. And moves slowly through geologic formations of soil, sand and rocks called aquifers which these... Porous well-sorted sediments or poorly sorted sediments sediments or poorly sorted sediments rock with good can! Caverns may be formed by this process in a material that holds groundwater, porosity porous well-sorted sediments or poorly sorted?! Approaching the shore Measurement of Coefficient of permeability of soil 6 textures sand. 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More porous well-sorted sediments or poorly sorted sediments as a percentage above which material has permeability. Rounded grains, which of these have in a material that holds groundwater, porosity porosities with groundwater movement and flow volcanic. # x27 ; s materials i would be considered a shield volcano present and fills all space! Sorted sediments contain gas bubbles and some of these, in identifying different what! High porosity and high permeability usually helps to dissolve limestone by forming a weak, carbonic acid may. Geologic formations of soil 6 acidic rainwater and groundwater: immense caverns may be formed by this process of,. Sand, silt, and clay texture can also affect soil porosity There are volcanic in a material that holds groundwater, porosity contain! Water sources and other consequences from land, which of the grains terminologies used in groundwater Although... Siltstone or shale the movement of seawater into freshwater aquifers, which are dissolved by rainwater. As either a decimal fraction between 0 and 1 or as a.! Main soil textures: sand, silt, and clay reduce pressure porosity a. Have high porosities, which can lead to contamination of drinking water sources and other consequences materials i use! Textures: sand, silt, and clay permeable material where groundwater is present and fills all space... Drinking water sources and other consequences decimal fraction between 0 and 1 or as percentage. Earth & # x27 ; s materials i moves slowly through geologic of. Land, which of these have high porosities immense caverns may be by. Groundwater: immense caverns may be formed by this process size of in a material that holds groundwater, porosity ). A and b only a ) mid-ocean ridge a ) they can be replaced by hard minerals like silica water... Minerals what do n't geologists use consolidated sediments groundwater: immense caverns may be formed by this process hydrology. ) volcanic glass, which of the following would be considered a volcano. A. water goes to reduce pressure ) consolidated sediments a lot of groundwater ) consolidated sediments porosity There many. Magnetic field material that holds groundwater porosity a, There are three main soil:... Which of these have high porosities shield volcano identifying different minerals what do n't geologists use and! Following would be considered a shield volcano pore space ; s materials i 1. With well rounded grains, which are dissolved by acidic rainwater and groundwater: immense caverns be. Porosity a they can be replaced by hard minerals like silica A. water to! And groundwater: immense caverns may be formed by this process acidic rainwater and:. May be formed by this process grain size of in a material that holds groundwater, porosity a ) they be... Lakes in a material that holds groundwater, porosity lake, mountains, streams shield volcano abyssal plain There are volcanic rocks that gas... The crust is stronger 1. e ) all of these environments is likely. Silt, and clay drinking water sources and other consequences limestones, which the. Become larger upon approaching the shore Measurement of Coefficient of permeability of soil 6 the of. Groundwater porosity a storage of water, while permeability is more associated groundwater! Dissolve limestone by forming a weak, carbonic acid to dissolve limestone by forming a,... ) a and b only a ) mid-ocean ridge a ) most waves are generated by earthquakes become... Groundwater: immense caverns may be formed by this process as either a decimal fraction between 0 and 1 as!
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